Revolutionizing Biotechnology

  C₁₀H₁₆O (succinic acid),

It forms over millions of years from the ancient trees in the Baltic region, making it one of the oldest and most prized types of amber. Baltic amber often contains small inclusions like tiny insects, plants, and even air bubbles—preserving ancient life and offering a snapshot of prehistoric ecosystems.

SiO₂(silicon dioxide).

Purple variety of quartz, its color comes from trace amounts of iron and natural irradiation within the crystal. Heating amethyst can turn it yellow or orange, creating stones often sold as citrine. Ancient Greeks wore amethyst and carved drinking vessels from it in the belief that it would prevent intoxication.

Be₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈

Green gemstone from the beryl family, with an ocean-like hue caused by trace amounts of iron. It is closely related to emerald and morganite, In ancient times, a gem’s color determined the type of sickness it was thought capable of curing. Green was regarded as the color most beneficial to the eyes, and as a result, emerald and aquamarine were commonly used for aliments of the eyes.

SiO₂

A type of quartz with its shimmering appearance caused by small mineral inclusions such as mica or hematite. The term "aventurine" comes from the Italian word avventura, meaning "chance," referring to the accidental discovery of the gemstone's shimmering effect while working with glass.

Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2, 

Prized for its vivid color, ground azurite was used as a pigment in ancient art. Azurite slowly transforms into malachite over time when exposed to air and moisture—a natural chemical change that can alter ancient artifacts' colors!

SiO₂

A reddish-orange variety of chalcedony (a type of quartz), its color comes from iron oxide impurities. Ancient Egyptians prized carnelian as having protective and healing properties, and often carved it into scarabs and other symbols for burial with the deceased.

(CaCO₃)

An organic gemstone formed from the skeletal remains of marine polyps. Coral reefs support around 25% of all marine life, despite covering less than 1% of the ocean floor.

SiO₂

Citrine is a golden to yellow variety of quartz. Its color comes from trace amounts of iron within the crystal structure. Citrine is often heated from amethyst in a process called "heat treatment" to bring out its golden hues, making it one of the most affordable gemstones on the market with a stunning color.

X₃Y₂(SiO₄)₃,

Comes in a rainbow of colors, though deep red is the most well-known. The name "garnet" comes from the Latin word "granatus," meaning "pomegranate," referring to the stone's dark red color resembling pomegranate seeds. Some garnets can form under extreme pressure deep within Earth's mantle and hitch a ride to the surface in volcanic eruptions. Garnet is the state gemstone of New York.

The beads in this necklace are called ‘waist beads,’ which are worn during puberty and are associated with fertility, womanhood, and maturity. They can also symbolize protection, spirituality, and body awareness. 

 made of locally sourced materials like recycled glass and scrap glass. 

 Made by bonding a layer of gold alloy to a base metal core. 

Fe₂O₃,

Hematite is an iron oxide mineral known for its shiny, reflective surface. Hematite is magnetic in its natural form, though only weakly

 Al₂SiO₅

Often found in long, blade-like crystals, this gemstone was once mistaken for sapphire due to its vivid hue. Kyanite has anisotropic hardness, meaning it’s harder in one direction and softer in another.

 (Na,Ca)8(AlSiO4)6(S,SO4,Cl)1-2

Ultramarine is a deep blue pigment which was originally made by grinding lapis lazuli into a powder. Its lengthy grinding and washing process makes the natural pigment quite valuable—roughly ten times more expensive than the stone it comes from and as expensive as gold

Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂

Malachite is a vibrant green copper carbonate mineral. Malachite has been used for thousands of years, not only as a gemstone but also as a pigment. Ancient Egyptians ground it into powder to create green paint for their artwork.

SiO₂·nH₂O (silicon dioxide with water content)

Opal is a unique and colorful gemstone composed of known for its ability to diffract light, creating stunning flashes of color. Its vibrant hues range from white and blue to fiery reds and greens, depending on how light interacts with its internal structure. 

(Mg,Fe)₂SiO₄.

gemstone variety of the mineral olivine. unlike many gems, peridot only comes in shades of green. Some peridot crystals found on Earth actually came from space, delivered by meteorites.

SiO₂

The  second most abundant mineral on Earth,  behind feldspar. It forms in a wide range of colors and varieties, including amethyst, citrine, and rose quartz. Quartz is piezoelectric—when pressure is applied, it generates an electric charge. This property makes it essential in devices like watches, radios, and even medical instruments

MgAl₂O₄

commonly found in colors ranging from red to blue, and even black. It’s often mistaken for ruby due to its similar appearance, especially in its red form. Spinel has earned the nickname "the great imposter" because for centuries, many of the red stones thought to be rubies were actually spinels—some of which were even part of royal crowns.

Ca,K,Na)(Al,Fe,Li,Mg,Mn)₃(Al,Cr,Fe,V)₆(BO₃)₃(Si₆O₁₈)(OH,F)₄

Tourmaline is a colorful and complex group of silicate minerals with a variable chemical formula. It comes in nearly every color of the rainbow, sometimes even displaying multiple hues in a single crystal. Tourmaline is pyroelectric and piezoelectric—it can generate an electric charge when heated or squeezed, a rare and useful trait in electronics and sensors.

CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O,

Turquoise is a striking blue to green gemstone with the chemical formula primarily composed of copper and aluminum. The finest of turquoise reaches a maximum Mohs hardness of just under 6, or slightly more than window glass. Some civilizations believed that turquoise possessed certain prophylactic qualities; it was thought to change color with the wearer's health.